Development of an ESP32-Based LoRa Telemetry System for Real-Time Environmental Monitoring in Seaweed Cultivation
Keywords:
ESP32, environmental monitoring, telemetry, seaweed cultivation, sensor validationAbstract
Remote environmental observation requires a reliable path from sensor acquisition to an accessible monitoring interface. This article presents an ESP32 telemetry prototype developed as a foundation for future seaweed cultivation monitoring. The system integrates a DHT22 sensor, a light-dependent resistor module, and a capacitive medium-moisture sensor with a transmitter, receiver, Wi-Fi connection, and Firebase monitoring platform. The original project specifies LoRa in its design but identifies nRF24L01 in its implementation discussion; consequently, the available measurements are treated as prototype telemetry results rather than verified LoRa performance. Reported comparison readings were 30.60 °C against 30.20 °C and 85.40% relative humidity against 85.00%, corresponding to absolute differences of 0.40 °C and 0.40 percentage points. Five transmission records produced a calculated mean latency of 195 ms, whereas the report separately states an average dashboard delay of 2.037 s and upload synchronization of 95.45%. These figures describe different observation boundaries and cannot be directly combined. The prototype demonstrates a documented multisensor monitoring workflow at laboratory scale, but neither marine water quality nor long-range communication has been established. Additional analysis identifies requirements for sensor calibration, packet traceability, timing verification, and field validation before deployment in seaweed cultivation.
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